tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-62371048819354419682024-02-07T09:15:49.780-08:00Biologiku BiologimuForum Komunikasi Ilmu BiologiBiologiku Biologimuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06827180794843921023noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6237104881935441968.post-8124641062756961932008-09-23T05:30:00.000-07:002008-09-23T05:39:59.090-07:00BIOLOGI ARIZONA<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 10"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Cdjawa%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="State"></o:smarttagtype><o:smarttagtype namespaceuri="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" name="place"></o:smarttagtype><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id="ieooui"></object> <style> st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } </style> <![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} a:link, span.MsoHyperlink {color:blue; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed {color:purple; text-decoration:underline; text-underline:single;} p {mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal">buat kamu-kamu yang ingin belajar biologi lebih mendalam</p><p class="MsoNormal">
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">kunjungi situs
<br /></p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:180%;">BIOLOGI <st1:state><st1:place>ARIZONA</st1:place></st1:state></span></p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal">
<br /><span style="font-size:180%;"><st1:state><st1:place></st1:place></st1:state></span></p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:180%;"><st1:state><st1:place>www.biology.arizona.edu
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<br /></span>Biologiku Biologimuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06827180794843921023noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6237104881935441968.post-50587376348119542492008-09-19T12:45:00.001-07:002008-09-19T12:58:25.599-07:00Teknologi DNA rekombinan<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9IDjiOO5HNYdB9LiAKVVfvAQvQIGXSHD3UJauHosIjDIvTEA3FKVusOsLkYGqU3hE2PUX4e3hT06N-XTaAFgXJKpwFGQ_umWTnOdw0XFpYD3F8oWq-4vQmNsVWqpO-sRKJeGfbgl8nhUi/s1600-h/22487-004-5347D587.gif"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9IDjiOO5HNYdB9LiAKVVfvAQvQIGXSHD3UJauHosIjDIvTEA3FKVusOsLkYGqU3hE2PUX4e3hT06N-XTaAFgXJKpwFGQ_umWTnOdw0XFpYD3F8oWq-4vQmNsVWqpO-sRKJeGfbgl8nhUi/s320/22487-004-5347D587.gif" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5247824170886619986" /></a><br />Teknologi DNA rekombinan telah mungkinkan bagi kita untuk: mengisolasi DNA dari berbagai organisme, menggabungkan DNA yang berasal dari organisme yang berbeda sehingga terbentuk DNA rekombinan, memasukkan DNA rekombinan ke dalam sel organisme prokariot maupun eukariot hingga DNA rekombinan dapat berepilkasi dan bahkan dapat diekspresikan. Jadi, Teknologi DNA Rekombinan merupakan kumpulan teknik atau metoda yang digunakan untuk mengkombinasikan gen-gen di dalam tabung reaksi. Teknik-teknik tersebut meliputi:<br /><br />- Teknik untuk mengisolasi DNA.<br /><br />- Teknik untuk memotong DNA.<br /><br />- Teknik untuk menggabung atau menyambung DNA.<br /><br />- Teknik untuk memasukkan DNA ke dalam sel hidup.<br /><br />perangkat yang digunakan dalam teknologi DNA rekombinan adalah perangkat-perangkat yang ada pada bakteri. Perangkat tersebut antara lain adalah: enzim restriksi, enzim DNA ligase, plasmid, transposon, pustaka genom, enzim transkripsi balik, pelacak DNA/RNA.<br /><br /><strong>Enzim restriksi</strong> digunakan untuk memotong DNA<br /><br /><strong>Enzim DNA ligase</strong> digunakan untuk menyambung DNA<br /><br /><strong>Plasmid</strong> digunakan sebagai vektor untuk mengklonkan gen atau mengklonkan fragmen DNA atau mengubah sifat bakteri.<br /><br /><strong>Transposon</strong> digunakan sebagai alat untuk melakukan mutagenesis dan untuk menyisipkan penanda.<br /><br /><strong>Pustaka Genom</strong> digunakan untuk menyimpan gen atau fragmen DNA yang telah diklonkan.<br /><br /><strong>Enzim traskripsi balik</strong> digunakan untuk membuat DNA berdasarkan RNA.<br /><br /><strong>Pelacak DNA / RNA</strong> digunakan untuk mendeteksi gen atau fragmen DNA yang diinginkan atau untuk mendeteksi klon yang benar.Biologiku Biologimuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06827180794843921023noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6237104881935441968.post-65273053419466688572008-09-19T12:45:00.000-07:002008-09-19T13:06:10.284-07:00VAGINAL SMEAR<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeScyU8vrKTEDZYnQxJEV9uSodExZj9fM2zvd9R8GjnYOCTGml6gu5rS-BIHvh5SV7bIbr77Bn9gBOHWomcJCIK4Q3sIeoAeE4dd5CSouk7n3PdH0BmTjDmK1Ds93r51XjwFOnA4XRxcS5/s1600-h/proestrus.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeScyU8vrKTEDZYnQxJEV9uSodExZj9fM2zvd9R8GjnYOCTGml6gu5rS-BIHvh5SV7bIbr77Bn9gBOHWomcJCIK4Q3sIeoAeE4dd5CSouk7n3PdH0BmTjDmK1Ds93r51XjwFOnA4XRxcS5/s320/proestrus.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5247826192535653090" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBJAZNRKkqj43yzeJb15LMqfeSHSwBt9dFT18pJPCMc_xl159l1Hx9fJPNTYBkokS4DrHGs1hrVM43WAuodHR7nAEwLfl79g7fhRbhZC9IyMcDJKFotpuSWwmlPUmvpqzJnM7TYLUwBuTb/s1600-h/estrus.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBJAZNRKkqj43yzeJb15LMqfeSHSwBt9dFT18pJPCMc_xl159l1Hx9fJPNTYBkokS4DrHGs1hrVM43WAuodHR7nAEwLfl79g7fhRbhZC9IyMcDJKFotpuSWwmlPUmvpqzJnM7TYLUwBuTb/s320/estrus.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5247826197696236210" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioo8LCvVDq2AJdLbU44B3ktiUg4b6PNlx2W1WNvWzwuMkMdDl8u9p90abq6Jm7OnqxqNRJJVXOsaTSKVYNSS7Ez-sfEWY_ce-AKzsCYkhyphenhyphenqKF4LmfNqHMjJef0QLn3B5irN7qsZwbMVViW/s1600-h/anestrus.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioo8LCvVDq2AJdLbU44B3ktiUg4b6PNlx2W1WNvWzwuMkMdDl8u9p90abq6Jm7OnqxqNRJJVXOsaTSKVYNSS7Ez-sfEWY_ce-AKzsCYkhyphenhyphenqKF4LmfNqHMjJef0QLn3B5irN7qsZwbMVViW/s320/anestrus.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5247826200513449858" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHbBQhyphenhyphen0bJbh2eV8xHsfJW-ieQc8xonyFdz6sjSDzWrng030grHzuZt7mnaXdJoH47ipVVqCx8lcLBGxeFr29MtkLqlv0fXEdW6eblwaap_PJ6epcxbWJwkZOWJs2ngC6guujzj8AvtrFo/s1600-h/sperm2.jpg"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHbBQhyphenhyphen0bJbh2eV8xHsfJW-ieQc8xonyFdz6sjSDzWrng030grHzuZt7mnaXdJoH47ipVVqCx8lcLBGxeFr29MtkLqlv0fXEdW6eblwaap_PJ6epcxbWJwkZOWJs2ngC6guujzj8AvtrFo/s320/sperm2.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5247826200934217874" /></a><br />Cytologic Changes Through the Canine Estrous Cycle<br /><br />Stages of the canine estrous cycle can be defined by sexual behavior, physical signs (vulvar swelling, vaginal bleeding) or by vaginal cytology. The period of receptivity to a male varies considerably among bitches; some bitches are receptive well before and after the period of potential fertility. Similarly, signs such as "proestrus bleeding" are often unreliable indicators; some bitches bleed very little and other show bleeding through estrus and into diestrus.<br /><br />Since cytologic changes reflect the underlying endocrine events of the cycle, they are almost always a better predictor of the "fertile time" and gestation length than are behavioral or physical signs.<br /><br />Cytologic changes through the canine estrous cycle reflect changes in blood concentrations of estrogen. As depicted below, and described in more detail in the section on Canine Reproduction, estrogen levels rise prior to and during proestrus and fall in conjunction with the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone. Rising levels of estrogen induce the "cornification" that is characteristic of smears examined during estrus. Ovulation occurs two days after the LH surge.<br /><br />The sections below describe the cytologic picture typical of different stages of the canine estrous cycle. Examination of a single smear can sometimes provide useful information, but can also be quite misleading. For example, it is often difficult to differentiate proestrus and diestrus from an isolated smear. It is therefore highly recommended that multiple smears be evaluated.<br /><br /><br /><br />berikut alamat jurnal yang dapat didownload langsung<br />jurnal ini berisi informasi tentang penggunaan metode vaginal smear<br /><br />http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/28/4/585.pdf<br />http://www.springerlink.com/content/l22p0832k12k040m/fulltext.pdf?page=1<br />http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1520238&blobtype=pdf<br />http://www.scielo.br/pdf/spmj/v122n2/a08v1222.pdf<br />http://www.royal-canin.co.kr/admin/upload/vaginal%20smears%20in%20bitches.pdf<br />http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/reprint/20/3/168.pdf<br />http://la.rsmjournals.com/cgi/reprint/36/1/51.pdf<br />http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/reprint/112/8/1481.pdf<br />http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1843599&blobtype=pdf<br />http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/reprint/102/1/170.pdf<br />http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/issues/vet-06-30-5/vet-30-5-6-0509-42.pdf<br />http://196.33.159.102/1970%20VOL%20XLVI%20Jul-Dec/Articles/06%20December/1.9%20USE%20OF%20VAGINAL%20SMEAR%20IN%20ASSESSMENT%20OF%20OESTROGENIC%20STATUS%20OF%20OOPHORECTOMIZED%20FEMALES,%20Wulf%20H.%20.pdfBiologiku Biologimuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06827180794843921023noreply@blogger.com59tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6237104881935441968.post-37329913820375691092008-09-17T14:19:00.000-07:002008-09-17T14:27:44.952-07:00Human cloning<p><b>Human cloning</b> is the creation of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetically</a> identical copy of a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> being, human <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_%28biology%29" title="Cell (biology)">cell</a>, or human <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_tissue" title="Biological tissue" class="mw-redirect">tissue</a>. The term is generally used to refer to <i>artificial</i> human cloning, although human clones in the form of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identical_twin" title="Identical twin" class="mw-redirect">identical twins</a> are commonplace, with their cloning part of the natural process of reproduction.</p> <p>Although genes influence <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavior" title="Behavior">behavior</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognition" title="Cognition">cognition</a>, "genetically identical" does <i>not</i> mean altogether identical; identical <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twin" title="Twin">twins</a>, despite being natural human clones with nearly identical <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, are separate people, with separate experiences and personalities. The relationship between an "original" and a clone is rather like that between identical triplets raised apart; they share nearly all of the same <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>, but little of the same environment. A lively scientific debate on this topic occurred in the journal <i>Nature</i> in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_cloning#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a></sup> Ultimately, the question of how similar an original and a clone would be boils down to how much of personality is determined by genetics, an area still under active scientific investigation. (See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture" title="Nature versus nurture">nature versus nurture</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">cloning</a>.)</p><h3 id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</h3>Biologiku Biologimuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06827180794843921023noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6237104881935441968.post-48143189501433002812008-09-10T11:42:00.000-07:002008-09-10T11:51:11.632-07:00Biologiku BiologimuSelamat datang di Blog "Biologiku Biologimu". Blog ini dibuat dengan tujuan memberikan informasi ilmiah kepada mereka-mereka yang bergerak di bidang ilmu biologi, sebagai forum ilmiah yang menampung segala permasalahan dan penyelesaiannya dalam mempelajari ilmu biologi. Harapan kami nantinya blog ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pengembangan ilmu biologi.<br /><br />Selamat bergabung dengan kami, komunitas biologi<br />BIOLOGIKU BIOLOGIMUBiologiku Biologimuhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06827180794843921023noreply@blogger.com4